Журнал «Медицина неотложных состояний» Том 17, №4, 2021
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Аналіз причин ускладненого перебігу COVID-19 у пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом
Авторы: Галушко О.А., Лоскутов О.А., Тріщинська М.А., Кучинська І.А., Болюк М.В.
Національний університет охорони здоров’я України імені П.Л. Шупика, м. Київ, Україна
Рубрики: Медицина неотложных состояний
Разделы: Справочник специалиста
Версия для печати
Актуальність. Із грудня 2019 року нова коронавірусна хвороба 2019 (COVID-19) впевнено й агресивно крокує по планеті. 11 березня 2020 року Всесвітня організація охорони здоров’я оголосила коронавірусну хворобу COVID-19 пандемією. Серед основних факторів ризику розвитку і тяжкого перебігу COVID-19 називають похилий вік, артеріальну гіпертензію, цукровий діабет (ЦД), хронічні обструктивні захворювання легень, серцево-судинні та цереброваскулярні захворювання. Проте останнім часом на підставі отриманих епідеміологічних даних ЦД не вважається фактором ризику зараження SARS-CoV-2, але він пов’язаний із більш тяжким перебігом даного захворювання і погіршенням результатів лікування. У чому ж причина ускладненого перебігу COVID-19 у хворих на ЦД? Необхідність дати відповідь на дане питання зумовила проведення цього дослідження. Мета: встановити причини ускладненого перебігу COVID-19 у хворих на цукровий діабет. Матеріали та методи. Був проведений пошук публікацій за допомогою пошукових систем PubMed та Google Scholar за ключовими словами: COVID-19, цукровий діабет, гіперглікемія, порушення вуглеводного обміну, ускладнення. Результати. В огляді наукової літератури розглянуті основні причини і патогенетичні механізми розвитку ускладнень перебігу COVID-19 у хворих на ЦД. Визначено групи факторів, що погіршують перебіг захворювань, і доведено, що сучасне лікування COVID-19 у хворих на ЦД має враховувати всі наявні фактори ризику і включати багатодисциплінарний командний підхід із залученням фахівців із невідкладної медицини, ендокринології, інфекційних захворювань, респіраторної підтримки, дієтології та реабілітації. Висновки. Основними причинами, що погіршують перебіг COVID-19 у хворих на ЦД, є: 1) особливості власне ЦД і взаємовплив ЦД і COVID-19; 2) вплив окремих груп препаратів, що застосовують при лікуванні обох захворювань; 3) недоліки в організації лікування і догляду за хворими. Головний фактор, що має вирішальне значення у веденні таких пацієнтів, — нормалізація рівня глікемії і вуглеводного балансу, якої потрібно досягати усіма можливими засобами.
Background. Since December 2019, the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been marching confidently and aggressively across the planet. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a pandemic. Among the risk factors for the development and severe course of COVID-19, there are old age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, recently, based on the epidemiological data obtained, diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a risk factor for infection with SARS-CoV-2, but the presence of concomitant diabetes is associated with a more severe course of COVID-19 and deterioration in treatment outcomes. What is the reason for the complicated course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus? The need to answer this question led to the conduction of this study. The purpose was to determine the causes of complicated course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus. Material and methods. We searched for publications using the search engines PubMed and Google Scholar by keywords: COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, complications. Results. The review of the scientific literature considers the main causes and pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-19 complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Groups of factors that worsen the course of the diseases have been identified, and it has been proven that current treatment of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus should take into account all available risk factors and include a multidisciplinary team approach involving specialists in emergency medicine, endocrinology, infectious diseases, respiratory support, nutritional science and rehabilitation. Conclusions. The main causes that worsen the course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus are: 1) features of diabetes itself and the interaction of diabetes and COVID-19; 2) the impact of certain drugs used in the treatment of both diseases; 3) shortcomings in the organization of treatment and care of patients. The main factor that is crucial in the management of these patients is the normalization of blood glucose levels and carbohydrate balance, which must be achieved by all possible means.
COVID-19; цукровий діабет; гіперглікемія; ускладнення
COVID-19; diabetes mellitus; hyperglycemia; complications
Вступ
Матеріали та методи
Результати та їх обговорення
Особливості власне цукрового діабету і взаємний вплив діабету і COVID-19
Вплив окремих груп препаратів, що застосовують при лікуванні цукрового діабету та COVID-19
Недоліки в організації лікування і догляду за хворими
Висновки
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