Журнал "Гастроэнтерология" Том 56, №4, 2022

Стаття присвячена хронічним запальним процесам кишечника і їх ускладненням, що сприяють поступовому накопиченню глибоких трансмуральних уражень стінки кишечника, в тому числі звужень, розвитку непрохідності, абсцесів і нориць. Як запальні захворювання кишечника, так і їх хронічні ускладнення призводять до появи у хворих діареї, болю в животі, анемії, що пов’язана з кишковою патологією. Визначення активності захворювання й вираженості ускладнень має вирішальне значення в інтенсивності лікування на ранніх і наступних стадіях захворювання і моніторингу ефективності лікувальних заходів. В огляді розглянуті основні молекулярні медіатори фіброгенезу, підбиті підсумки розробки й розвитку технологій для візуалізації кишкового фіброзу, а також обговорюються можливості розширення кількісної магнітно-резонансної томографії, комп’ютерної томографії, ультразвукового дослідження й обнадійливий потенціал методів неінвазивної еластографії.

The article deals with chronic inflammatory processes of the intestines and their complications that contribute to the gradual accumulation of deep transmural lesions of the intestinal wall, including narrowings, development of obstruction, abscesses, and fistulas. Both inflammatory bowel diseases and their chronic complications lead to the onset of diarrhea, abdominal pain, anemia caused by intestinal pathology. Detecting the disease activity and complications severity is of crucial importance in the treatment intensity at early and later stages of the illness and when monitoring treatment measures effectiveness. The main molecular mediators of fibrogenesis are studied in the article, the results of development of intestinal fibrosis visualization techno­logies are summarized, possibilities for expanding the quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, ultrasound and encouraging potential of non-invasive elastography methods are discussed.

кишковий фіброз; хвороба Крона; виразковий коліт; молекулярні механізми; біомаркери; візуалізація; магнітно-резонансна томографія; комп’ютерна томографія; ультразвукове дослідження; еластографія

intestinal fibrosis; Crohn’s disease; ulcerative colitis; molecular mechanisms; biomarkers; imaging methods; magnetic resonance imaging; computed tomography; ultrasound; elasto­graphy

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