Журнал «Здоровье ребенка» Том 17, №6, 2022

Актуальність. Антимюллерів гормон (АМГ) сьогодні набув популярності як маркер оваріального резерву. Важливим є визначення місця і ролі АМГ у дітей. Мета роботи: провести аналіз даних наукової літератури щодо ролі АМГ у педіатричній практиці. Матеріали та методи. Автори провели огляд літератури в PubMed, обмежившись статтями англійською мовою та оновленням пошуку в лютому 2022 року. Пошуковим терміном був «антимюллерів гормон». Загалом було виявлено 437 рукописів, включаючи 37 оглядових статей. Поступово звузили пошук із фільтрами клінічних досліджень та систематичних оглядів до 75 статей. Потім списки літератури оригінальних та оглядових статей були перевірені для забезпечення повноти огляду. АМГ відповідає за диференціювання гонад, провокує регресію мюллерових проток у плода чоловічої статі, корелює з каріотипом, статевим розвитком, рівнем лютеїнізуючого гормона, фолікулостимулюючого гормона (ФСГ), а його рівні в сироватці відображають резерв яєчників навіть у дитинстві. Рівень АМГ у сироватці крові високий від внутрішньоутробного періоду до статевого дозрівання. У постнатальному періоді секреція АМГ яєчками стимулюється ФСГ і сильно пригнічується андрогенами. АМГ має клінічну цінність як маркер тестикулярної тканини в чоловіків iз відмінностями в статевому розвитку та крипторхізмом, а також при оцінці персистуючого синдрому мюллерової протоки. Визначення АМГ є корисним для оцінки функції статевих залоз без необхідності проведення стимуляційних тестів й орієнтує лікаря при встановленні етіологічного діагнозу дитячого чоловічого гіпогонадизму. У жінок АМГ використовується як прогностичний маркер оваріального резерву та фертильності. Використання критеріїв, розроблених для дорослих жінок, є проблематичним для дівчат-підлітків, оскільки клінічні ознаки, пов’язані із синдромом полікістозних яєчників (СПКЯ), є нормальними явищами статевого дозрівання. АМГ може бути використаним як додатковий критерій у діагностиці СПКЯ у підлітків. Однак відсутність міжнародного стандарту для АМГ обмежує порівняння між аналізами АМГ. Висновки. АМГ має широку клінічну діагностичну корисність у педіатрії, але інтерпретація часто є складною та має здійснюватися в контексті не лише віку та статі, а й стадії розвитку та статевого дозрівання дитини. Визнання ролі АМГ за межами розвитку та дозрівання статевих залоз може започаткувати нові діагностичні та терапевтичні застосування, які ще більше розширять його використання в педіатричній практиці.

Background. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has now gained popularity as a marker of ovarian reserve. It is important to determine the place and role of AMH in children. The purpose of this work was to analyze the data of the scientific literature on the role of AMH in pediatric practice. Materials and methods. A review of the literature in PubMed was conducted, limiting itself to articles in English and updating the search in February 2022. The search term was “anti-Mullerian hormone”. A total of 437 manuscripts were found, including 37 review articles. The search was gradually narrowed with filters of clinical trials and systematic reviews to 75 articles. The references of the original and review articles were then checked to ensure a complete review. AMH is responsible for the differentiation of the gonads, provokes the regression of Mullerian ducts in the male fetus, correlates with karyotype, sexual development, levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and its serum levels reflect the ovarian reserve in women, even in childhood. Serum AMH is high from prenatal life to puberty. In postnatal period, the secretion of AMH by the testes is stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone and strongly inhibited by androgens. AMH is of clinical value as a marker of testicular tissue in men with differences in sexual development and cryptorchidism, as well as in the assessment of persistent Mullerian duct syndrome. Determination of AMH is useful for assessing the function of the gonads without the need for stimulation tests and guides the etiological diagnosis of childhood male hypogonadism. In women, AMH is used as a prognostic marker of ovarian reserve and fertility. The use of criteria developed for adult women is problematic for adolescent girls, as clinical signs associated with polycystic ovary syndrome are normal phenomena of puberty. AMH can be used as an additional criterion in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. However, the lack of an international standard for AMH limits comparisons between AMH analyzes. Conclusions. AMH has broad clinical diagnostic utility in pediatrics, but interpretation is often complex and should be made in the context of not only the age and sex, but also the stage of development and puberty of the child. Recognition of the role of AMH beyond the development and maturation of the gonads may lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic applications that will further expand its use in pediatric practice.

антимюллерів гормон; підлітки; огляд

anti-Mullerian hormone; adolescents; review

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