Международный эндокринологический журнал Том 18, №1, 2022

Актуальність. В огляді проаналізовані публікації, присвячені патогенетичним механізмам і клінічним наслідкам впливу автоімунного тиреоїдиту та гіпотиреозу на системи організму. Автоімунний тиреоїдит є органоспецифічною автоімунною хворобою щитоподібної залози та найбільш поширеною причиною гіпотиреозу в регіонах світу з достатньою кількістю йоду. Джерела отримання інформації. Джерелами інформації були повідомлення у вітчизняних і переважно зарубіжних періодичних виданнях з імунології, патологічної фізіології, внутрішньої медицини й ендокринології. Синтез доказів. Вплив автоімунного тирео­їдиту на системи організму реалізується двома шляхами: перший — через імунну систему організму, коли органоспецифічний імунний процес у щитоподібній залозі з невстановлених причин набуває ознак системного захворювання з клінічними проявами ураження інших органів і систем, другий — через гіпотиреоз, який є логічним завершенням автоімунного процесу в щитоподібній залозі. Наслідки впливу гіпотиреозу на організм у цілому та на його системи зокрема відомі, а патогенетичні механізми до кінця не з’ясовані й потребують поглибленого вивчення. Нерозкритими і невивченими залишаються питання щодо автоімунної хвороби організму, механізмів її ініціації та прогресування. Висновки. Вплив автоімунного тиреоїдиту на системи організму реалізується через імунну систему організму, коли органоспецифічний імунний процес у щитоподібній залозі з невстановлених причин набуває ознак системного захворювання, і через гіпотиреоз, який є логічним завершенням автоімунного процесу в щитоподібній залозі. Патогенетичні механізми впливу автоімунного тиреоїдиту і гіпотиреозу на організм до кінця не з’ясовані й потребують поглибленого вивчення. Наведені дані свідчать про те, що за останнє десятиріччя поглибився інтерес до вивчення проблеми автоімунного тиреоїдиту, гіпотиреозу та їх патологічного значення для організму.

Background. The review analyzes the publications on the pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical consequences of the impact of autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism on body systems. Autoimmune thyroiditis is an organ-specific autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland and the most common cause of hypothyroidism in regions of the world with sufficient iodine. Sources of information. The sources of information were reports in domestic and, mostly, foreign periodicals on immunology, pathological physiology, internal medicine, and endocrinology. Synthesis of evi­dence. The effect of autoimmune thyroiditis on the systems of the body is implemented in two ways. The first one is accomplished through the body’s immune system, when the organ-specific immune process in the thyroid gland for unknown reasons acquires signs of systemic disease with clinical manifestations of damage to other organs and systems. The second is due to hypothyroidism, which is the logical conclusion of the autoimmune process in the thyroid. The effects of hypothyroidism on the body as a whole and its systems, in particular, are known, and the pathogenetic mecha­nisms are not fully understood and require in-depth study. The issues of the body's autoimmune disease, the mechanisms of its initiation and progression remain undiscovered and poorly understood. Conclusions. The effect of autoimmune thyroiditis is reali­zed through the immune system when the organ-specific immune process in the thyroid gland for unknown reasons acquires signs of systemic disease and hypothyroidism, which is the logical conclusion of the autoimmune process in the thyroid gland. The pathogenetic mechanisms of the effects of autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism on the body are not fully understood and require in-depth study. The presented data show that over the last decade the interest in studying the problem of autoimmune thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, and their pathological significance for the body has deepened.

автоімунний тиреоїдит; вплив на системи організму; патогенетичні механізми; наслідки; огляд

autoimmune thyroiditis; influence on body systems; pathogenetic mechanisms; consequences; review

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